Drives#
A collection of example scripts for machine drives.
Flux-Vector Control#
These examples demonstrate flux-vector control (FVC) of electric machine drives [1]. In the implemented control system, decoupling between the stator flux and torque channels are used according to [2]. Furthermore, the stator flux magnitude and the electromagnetic torque are selected as controllable variables. The implementations correspond to [3] for synchronous machines and [4] for induction machines. The magnetic saturation is modeled and taken into account in control.
References
Current-Vector Control#
These examples are for current-vector control (CVC) of induction and synchronous machines. The magnetic saturation model of an induction machine is also demonstrated (2.2-kW saturated IM, CVC) as well as computation of control lookup tables for synchronous machines (5.1-kW saturated PM-SyRM, CVC).
V/Hz Control#
These examples demonstrate observer-based V/Hz (O-V/Hz) control for synchronous machines [5] and induction machines [6]. The example 2.2-kW IPMSM, 2-mass mechanics, O-V/Hz control demonstrates the use of a two-mass mechanics model. Furthermore, the examples 2.2-kW IM, diode bridge, V/Hz control and 2.2-kW IM, LC filter, V/Hz control show operation of an induction machine under pure open-loop V/Hz control with a diode front-end rectifier and with an LC filter, respectively.
References
Tiitinen, Hinkkanen, Harnefors, “Design framework for sensorless control of synchronous machine drives,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2024.3429650
Tiitinen, Hinkkanen, Harnefors, “Sensorless flux-vector control framework: An extension for induction machines,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2025.3559958
Signal Injection#
These examples demonstrate a square-wave signal injection for low-speed operation based on [7]. Cross-saturation errors are compensated for using flux maps [8]. A phase-locked loop is used to track the rotor position. For a wider speed range, signal injection could be combined to a model-based observer.
References
Kim, Ha, Sul, “PWM switching frequency signal injection sensorless method in IPMSM,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2012.2210175
Yousefi-Talouki, Pescetto, Pellegrino, Boldea, “Combined active flux and high-frequency injection methods for sensorless direct-flux vector control of synchronous reluctance machines,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2697209