Grid Converters

A collection of example scripts for grid converters.

Grid-Following Control

These examples demonstrate grid-following (GFL) control. The current controller uses 2DOF synchronous-frame complex-vector PI controller, with an additional feedforward term from the low-pass-filtered grid voltage.

10-kVA, LCL filter, GFL

10-kVA, LCL filter, GFL

10-kVA, DC bus, GFL

10-kVA, DC bus, GFL

10-kVA, GFL

10-kVA, GFL

Grid-Forming Control

These examples demonstrate grid-forming control. The example 12.5-kVA, RFPSC-GFM uses a power-synchronization loop for synchronizing with the grid [1]. In 12.5-kVA, DO-GFM, disturbance-observer-based control is used [2].

References

[1]

Harnefors, Rahman, Hinkkanen, Routimo, “Reference-feedforward power-synchronization control,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.2970991

[2]

Nurminen, Mourouvin, Hinkkanen, Kukkola, “Multifunctional grid-forming converter control based on a disturbance observer, “IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2024.3433503

12.5-kVA, RFPSC-GFM

12.5-kVA, RFPSC-GFM

12.5-kVA, DO-GFM

12.5-kVA, DO-GFM

Output Admittance Identification

These examples demonstrate numerical identification of grid converter output admittance [3].

References

[3]

Määttä, Kukkola, Seppänen, Hinkkanen, “Open-source Python tool for grid converter output admittance identification,” 2026, https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.10653

10-kVA, GFL, converter output admittance identification

10-kVA, GFL, converter output admittance identification

12.5-kVA, DO-GFM, converter output admittance identification

12.5-kVA, DO-GFM, converter output admittance identification